Aloe vera is a succulent plant that has been used for thousands of years for its medicinal and therapeutic properties. Its soothing effects on the skin are one of the main reasons it is so popular. Most people know aloe vera for this general use. However, there are various potential health benefits of aloe vera. In this article, we will cover everything about Aloe Vera, from its nutritional profile and benefits to potential risks.
Table of Contents
Facts and History
Aloe vera, or Aloe barbadensis Miller, is a perennial plant that originated from North Africa, Southern Europe, and the Canary Islands. It has since been grown across the globe for medicinal purposes. The gel found within the leaves contains an abundance of biologically active compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, and polysaccharides like acemannan. These compounds have been suggested to be responsible for some of the purported health benefits of aloe vera, including its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-enhancing properties (1).
Acemannan, a mannose-rich polysaccharide, is one of the notable compounds found in aloe vera gel. Studies indicate that acemannan may aid in wound healing and provide immune system support (2, 3).
Nutritional Facts
In addition to topical application, aloe vera is also available for consumption (especially as Aloe Vera juice). The inner leaf gel contains vitamins A, C, E, and several of the B vitamins (including B12). It also provides essential amino acids and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc. These are important for several bodily functions. Aloe vera is also a good source of silicon, a mineral necessary for bone health and connective tissue integrity. Studies have found that silicon from aloe vera supplements is highly bioavailable, meaning that it is readily absorbed by the body (4).
Moreover, aloe vera contains a variety of antioxidants such as flavonoids and polyphenols. These antioxidants help protect the body from oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, thereby potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Antioxidants like quercetin and catechin found in aloe vera have been linked to heart health and may help lower blood pressure and improve cholesterol levels.
Aloe vera can also help increase the absorption of certain vitamins. Research has shown that aloe vera supplementation is associated with increased plasma levels of vitamins C and B12, suggesting that it improves the absorption of these nutrients (5).
Aloe Vera: Uses and Benefits
Now let’s talk about the various potential uses and benefits of Aloe Vera.
Skin Health
One of aloe vera’s most popular benefits is its soothing effect on the skin. It’s commonly used to promote the healing of sunburns, minor burns, and abrasions. The anti-inflammatory nature of the plant can decrease skin inflammation, and its moisturizing properties keep the skin hydrated. In a randomized controlled trial, using a highly concentrated aloe vera gel significantly lessened UV-induced skin redness (1).
Additionally, aloe vera has been researched for its effects on improving skin conditions such as acne and psoriasis. A study noted that a cream containing aloe vera extract significantly reduced symptoms of psoriasis compared to placebo (a standard treatment) (6).
Aloe vera may also have anti-aging effects on the skin. One clinical trial concluded that dietary supplementation of aloe vera gel in women over the age of 45 significantly improved facial wrinkles and skin elasticity (7). Another study showed that low-dose oral aloe sterols enhanced skin moisture and diminished facial wrinkles (8).
Moreover, for burn patients, aloe vera has been found to speed up wound healing. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that aloe vera shortened the healing time of burn wounds significantly when compared with traditional treatments (9). Its anti-inflammatory and skin-hydrating characteristics could help tissues regenerate more quickly with decreased scarring.
Digestive Health
Aloe vera might be beneficial for gut health. It may help calm the gastrointestinal tract thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties. Research has found that aloe vera is a potentially effective and safe treatment in the short term for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It may even help relieve symptoms of IBS, such as abdominal pain and discomfort. A systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that aloe vera is effective and safe in treating patients with IBS compared to placebo (10).
Aloe vera has been studied for its potential to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as well. A pilot study concluded that aloe vera syrup is a safe and effective treatment for reducing the symptoms of GERD (11).
Aloe vera has also been suggested to have a positive effect on gut microbiota. A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of aloe vera extract in patients with IBS found that the fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles were altered in the treatment responders (12).
Blood Sugar Regulation
Research suggests that aloe vera may aid in maintaining and controlling blood sugar in those with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Several studies have found that fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, markers of long-term blood sugar control, decreased with aloe vera supplementation. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that aloe vera supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (13).
The results were corroborated by another meta-analysis that concluded aloe vera supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol levels in prediabetic and early non-treated diabetic individuals (14).
In a randomized controlled trial, those with prediabetes who took aloe vera extract had significantly lower fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels after eight weeks than the placebo group (15). Additionally, the study noted improved lipid profiles, such as lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
Immune System Support
Aloe vera might stimulate and strengthen the immune system by enhancing immune cell activity. In one randomized controlled trial, processed aloe vera gel decreased the number of episodes of upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults (16).
In another study, consuming a nutraceutical mixture with aloe vera resulted in a rapid elevation of immune surveillance and activation markers in healthy participants (17).
Oral Health
Aloe vera has been added to oral health products due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Research has concluded that aloe vera mouthwash is effective at reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation. In a randomized controlled trial, aloe vera mouthwash was found to reduce plaque and gingival inflammation significantly more than a placebo (18).
Aloe vera has shown promise in the management of oral mucosal diseases as well. A systematic review concluded that aloe vera effectively managed oral mucosal diseases such as oral lichen planus and oral submucous fibrosis (19). Another study found that aloe vera gel reduced symptoms in patients with oral submucous fibrosis, a chronic condition that affects the mouth, highlighting its potential as a treatment option (20).
Women’s Health
Several studies have examined aloe vera’s potential benefits in women’s health, specifically focusing on menopausal symptoms. One randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of aloe vera vaginal cream versus estrogen cream in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Results indicated that aloe vera was equally effective in enhancing vaginal health index scores and reducing symptoms compared to estrogen cream, with no significant adverse effects noted (21).
Aloe vera can also reduce nipple pain and irritation in breastfeeding mothers. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that aloe vera gel decreased nipple pain and improved irritation more than the control (22).
Risks and Side Effects
Let’s have a look at some of the potential risks and side effects of Aloe Vera.
Allergic Reactions
Aloe vera is typically safe for most when used topically, but for some, allergic reactions may occur. Those with a plant allergy in the Liliaceae family, which includes garlic, onions, and tulips, may experience this. An allergic reaction can manifest as skin irritation, redness, or rash. Should there be any negative reactions, stop use and contact a healthcare provider.
Digestive Issues
Oral intake of aloe vera can cause abdominal distress for some people. The latex from the aloe plant—in the substance beneath the leaves’ skin—has a potent laxative effect and can cause cramping or diarrhea if consumed in excessive amounts. Be sure to use aloe vera products specifically formulated for internal consumption and free from aloe latex. Chronic use or high doses of aloe latex have been linked to severe adverse effects like kidney damage (23).
Interactions with Medications
Aloe vera may interact with certain medications, including blood sugar-lowering medications, diuretics, and laxatives. If you are taking medications or have underlying health conditions, consult a healthcare professional before using aloe vera orally or in supplement form.
Some studies have reported toxicity and adverse effects associated with the oral consumption of unprocessed aloe vera or products containing aloe latex. One review noted that ingestion of certain aloe preparations can cause diarrhea, electrolyte abnormalities, kidney dysfunction, and a possible carcinogenic effect (24).
Conclusion
Aloe vera is an extremely versatile plant that has been used for its medicinal properties for hundreds of years. While the most common include promoting skin health and healing wounds, it can also help digestive health, regulate blood sugar, boost the immune system, support oral health, and even women’s health. There are several studies on the use of aloe vera that have shown favorable outcomes. Nonetheless, remember that some studies have their limitations and that there are risks to consider.
Before starting to use Aloe Vera for its health benefits, it is always advised to consult a healthcare provider first, especially if you have any health conditions or are taking medication. This way, you can make sure it is right for you and you can enjoy its potential benefits safely.